Identifier: domesticarchite00kimb (find matches)
Title: Domestic architecture of the American colonies and of the early republic
Year: 1922 (1920s)
Authors: Kimball, Fiske, 1888-1955 New York. Metropolitan Museum of Art. Committee on Education
Subjects: Architecture, Domestic Architecture, Colonial
Publisher: New York, C. Scribner's Sons
Contributing Library: Smithsonian Libraries
Digitizing Sponsor: Smithsonian Libraries

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Figure 1. Charcoal burners hutSouth YorkshireCourtesy of C. F. Innocent THE SEVENTEENTH CENTURY walls of branches and earth, and the ridge-pole lashed to vertical, forked poles,with intermediate poles covered with sods1 (figure 2). The Cratchets whichSmith alludes to, otherwise crotchets, were the posts with a forked top—char-acteristic elements of primitive house construction in England.2 Another very rudimentary type is mentioned by Edward Johnson, himself oneof the first comers to Massachusetts Bay, who says of the New England settlers,They burrow themselves in the Earth for their first shelter under some Hill side,
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Figure 2. Bark-peelers hut, High FurnessFrom Transactions of the Cumberland and Westmoreland Antiquarian Society, vol. 16 (1901)Courtesy of W. G. Collingwood and H. S. Cowper casting the Earth aloft upon Timber; they make a smoaky fire against the Earthat its highest side . . . yet in these poor Wigwames (they sing Psalms pray, andpraise their God) till they can provide them houses.3 At the founding of Phila-delphia in 1682 similar shelters were formed by digging into the ground, near theverge of the river-front bank, about three feet in depth; thus making half theirchamber underground, and the remaining half above ground was formed of sods 1 H. S. Cowper, in Transactions of the Cumberland and Westmoreland Antiquarian Society, vol. 16 (1901). 2 English Building Construction, esp. pp. 14-16, and supplementary letter from the author. 3 Wonder Working Providence, 1654 (reprint of 1867), p. 83. 5 AMERICAN DOMESTIC ARCHITECTURE of earth, or earth and brush combined. The roofs were formed o

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